WASHINGTON - America’s trading partners were bracing on Tuesday for an expected fresh raft of tariffs, while US President Donald Trump promised to be “very kind” in addressing what he says are unfair trade imbalances.
Trump — who has been making unprecedented use of presidential powers since taking office in January — said he could announce as early as Tuesday night Washington time exactly what “reciprocal tariffs” will be imposed.
The Republican billionaire insists that action is needed because the world’s biggest economy has been “ripped off by every country in the world” and is promising “Liberation Day” for the United States.
Asked for details, he told reporters on Monday: “You’re going to see in two days, which is maybe tomorrow night or probably Wednesday.”
But he added: “We’re going to be very nice, relatively speaking, we’re going to be very kind.”
Thailand is bracing for impact as it ranks 10th on a list of countries that have large trade surpluses with the United States. The US investment bank Goldman Sachs has said Thailand could face tariffs as high as 15-18%, reflecting differences in customs duties (6%), non-tariff measures (3%), and VAT (7%).
Critics warn that Trump’s strategy risks a global trade war, provoking a chain reaction of retaliation by major trading partners like China, Canada and the European Union.
Over the weekend, China, South Korea and Japan agreed to strengthen free trade between themselves.
But Trump said he was not worried that the levies would push allies closer to Beijing, adding that a deal on TikTok could also be tied to China tariffs.
White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the goal on Wednesday would be to announce “country-based tariffs”, although Trump remains committed to imposing separate, sector-specific charges.
The uncertainty has jolted markets, hammering equities across the board and stoking recession fears. Asian stocks, which fell sharply Monday after Trump said his tariffs would include “all countries”, rebounded a little Tuesday.
The Wall Street Journal reported that advisers have considered imposing global tariffs of up to 20%, to hit almost all US trading partners. Trump has remained vague, saying his tariffs would be “far more generous” than ones already levied against US products.
‘Economic pain’
Trump’s fixation on tariffs is fanning US recession fears. Goldman Sachs analysts raised their 12-month recession probability from 20% to 35%.
This reflects a “lower growth forecast, falling confidence, and statements from White House officials indicating willingness to tolerate economic pain”. Goldman Sachs also lifted its forecast for underlying inflation at the end of 2025.
China and Canada have imposed counter-tariffs on US goods, while the European Union announced its own measures to start in mid-April.
For now, International Monetary Fund chief Kristalina Georgieva said Trump’s tariffs were causing anxiety, but their global economic impact should not be dramatic.
Ryan Sweet of Oxford Economics said to “expect the unexpected”,”anticipating that Trump would “take aim at some of the largest offenders”.
Besides reciprocal country tariffs, Trump could announce additional sector-specific levies on the likes of pharmaceuticals and semiconductors. He earlier announced auto tariffs of 25% to take effect on Thursday.
Economists have expected the upcoming salvo could target the 15% of partners that have persistent trade imbalances with the United States, a group that US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent dubbed a “Dirty 15”.
The United States has some of its biggest goods trade deficits with China, the EU, Mexico, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Canada and India.
‘Existential moment’
US trade partners are rushing to minimise their exposure, with reports suggesting India might lower some duties.
On Tuesday, Vietnam said it would slash duties on a range of goods including cars, liquefied gas and some agricultural products.
Japan announced it will set up around 1,000 “consultation centers” for businesses hit by US tariffs.
Speaking by phone to his US counterpart on Monday, Mexican Foreign Secretary Juan Ramon de la Fuente urged the preservation of free trade agreements between North American countries, and discussed the automobile industry, where 25% tariffs are poised to come into effect on April 3.
European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde said on Monday that Europe should move towards economic independence, telling France Inter radio that Europe faces an “existential moment”.
Separately, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer spoke with Trump on “productive negotiations” towards a UK-US trade deal, while German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said the EU would respond firmly to Trump but was open to compromise.
It is “entirely possible” for fresh tariffs to be swiftly reduced or put on hold, said Greta Peisch, a former official at the US Trade Representative’s office.
In February, Washington paused steep levies on Mexican and Canadian imports for a month as the North American neighbors pursued negotiations.
